The Four Layers of ManagementCapital · Board · Executives · Risk ·
The vantage point we lump together as "the management perspective" is really not one. The capitalist who invests and waits for a return. The board that oversees the executives. The executives who push the business forward. And risk management, which puts the brake on that advance. And the president of a foreign pharma's Japan affiliate, caught between global headquarters and local regulation. Looking at the same company, those standing in different places ask different questions. Split into five layers, read what each one sees.
First Layer — Those Who Invest
Capital
Subject: Shareholders & investors
Why pursue profit? Those who entrust their money look first for the company to survive and return more than was put in.
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Second Layer — Those Who Oversee
Board
Subject: Directors & outside directors
Why oversee? They do not place blind trust in the people they delegated to; they inspect how the company runs. They stand between delegating and verifying.
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Third Layer — Those Who Drive Forward
Executives
Subject: CEO & executive officers
Why lean forward? Those who must deliver results fear nothing more than missing the opportunity. The pressure to push ahead is born in this layer.
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Fourth Layer — Those Who Stop
Risk Management
Subject: Risk management & compliance
How to handle risk? Find the loss hidden inside the advance before it arrives, and draw the line on how far to go. The brake is not the enemy.
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